EN 149
EN 149:2001+A1:2009 is the European standard for filtering half masks (FFP masks) that protect the wearer against airborne particles, aerosols, and fumes. FFP stands for Filtering Face Piece (Particles).
The standard defines three protection classes by filtration efficiency:
- FFP1: total inward leakage ≤22 %, filtration efficiency ≥80 % (NaCl and paraffin aerosol)
- FFP2: total inward leakage ≤8 %, filtration efficiency ≥94 %
- FFP3: total inward leakage ≤2 %, filtration efficiency ≥99 %
FFP2 masks are broadly comparable to the US N95 standard (NIOSH), though testing methodologies differ. All FFP masks are PPE Category III – a Notified Body is mandatory.
EN 149 distinguishes single-use masks (NR = not reusable) from reusable masks (R = reusable). Labelling includes: standard, protection class, NR or R, and optionally D (dolomite clogging test passed).
FFP masks are not the same as medical face masks under EN 14683. EN 149 protects the wearer against inhalation; EN 14683 protects the environment from the wearer's droplets.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3?
FFP1 filters ≥80 % of particles, FFP2 ≥94 %, and FFP3 ≥99 %. FFP3 offers the highest protection and is used for infectious aerosols and toxic dusts.
What do NR and R mean on an FFP mask?
NR (not reusable) means the mask is for single use within one work shift. R (reusable) means it may be reused after manufacturer-specified reconditioning. Most FFP masks on the market are NR.
What is the difference between EN 149 (FFP) and EN 14683 (medical mask)?
EN 149 protects the wearer from inhaled particles and aerosols (PPE). EN 14683 protects the environment from the wearer's droplets and secretions (medical device). Both standards have different test methods and protection objectives.
What does D mean after the FFP class (e.g. FFP2 NR D)?
D indicates the mask has passed the optional dolomite clogging test per EN 149 – a test for breathing resistance and filtration after simulated clogging. The D test is voluntary.