Degradation
Degradation is the physico-chemical alteration of glove material resulting from chemical contact. Visible signs include discolouration, swelling, cracking, embrittlement, or softening. These material changes impair the glove's barrier function and increase the risk of permeation and penetration.
The degradation test is governed by EN ISO 374-4 (Determination of resistance to degradation by chemicals). The glove material is exposed to a defined test chemical, and the percentage change in wall thickness and tensile strength is then measured.
Degradation is distinct from permeation and penetration:
- Penetration: passage through visible defects (holes, tears) – per EN ISO 374-2
- Permeation: molecular diffusion through intact material – per EN 16523-1
- Degradation: material change that promotes both penetration and permeation – per EN ISO 374-4
Degradation data are practically relevant for selecting the correct glove material: nitrile degrades faster with ketones than with oils; neoprene is more broadly resistant than natural latex.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between degradation, penetration, and permeation?
Penetration (EN ISO 374-2): passage through visible defects. Permeation (EN 16523-1): molecular diffusion through intact material. Degradation (EN ISO 374-4): material change that promotes both processes. Degradation is the cause; penetration and permeation may be the consequences.
What is measured in the degradation test per EN ISO 374-4?
The percentage change in wall thickness and tensile strength of the glove material after chemical contact is measured. The smaller the change, the more degradation-resistant the material.
Which glove materials are most susceptible to degradation?
Natural latex degrades rapidly with mineral oils and organic solvents. Nitrile is susceptible to ketones and esters. Neoprene shows broader degradation resistance across a wider range of chemicals.